Monday, April 29, 2024

All about spiders: basics, body, behavior

spider hair

We strive to provide our customers with an unparalleled shopping experience. We’ve streamlined our operations to concentrate on what matters most - providing you with seamless access to the highest-quality products. All identification and information on USAspiders.com are free - of course. If you would like to support us, we appreciate donations through Paypal here. When uploading your picture, you are required to enter your email address. As soon as we have found an ID for your spider, you will be notified by email to the email address provided by you.

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Pedipalps

This high sensitivity to air-borne vibrations can alert the spider to the wing beats of an approaching moth or fly, or the presence of a wasp predator. Spider hairs are part of the hard outer cuticle (the spider's 'skin'). Unlike us, spiders use their hairs (which are often greatly modified) to perform an amazing variety of tasks - for sensing their world, in courtship displays, for moving around, and in defence and prey capture. Not all urticating hair types are exhibited by each species of tarantula.

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When the team looked at the hairs under a powerful microscope, they also found that each one showed clearly different—and previously unrecognized—structural arrangements. They have existed at least since the carboniferous and their age of at least 320 mya is about twice that of mammals. From an evolutionary and ecological point of view spiders have been very successful to this very day. They have conquered practically all terrestrial biotopes and impress with their sheer number of individuals and their role as the main predators of insects. Undoubtedly, the spiders' success to a large extent is due to their rich repertoire of highly developed sensory systems. Among these the cuticular hairs are the most obvious ones.

spider hair

A simple way to classify spider tactile hairs is the number of sensory cells attached to them. Another type of tactile hairs with one sensory cell only are the so called long smooth hairs on the coxae as described by Eckweiler et al. (1989) (Figure 5). Substrate vibrations, induced in web, leaf , ground or water surfaces by nearby disturbances (such as prey, mate or predator movement), cause slight movements in a waiting spider's limbs.

Spiders do not have powerful chelicerae, but secrete digestive fluids into their prey from a series of ducts perforating their chelicerae. The coxal glands are excretory organs that lie in the prosoma, and open to the outside at the coxae of the walking legs. In primitive spiders, such as the Mesothelae and the Mygalomorphae, two pairs of coxal glands open onto the posterior side of the first and third coxae. They release a fluid only during feeding and play an important role in ion and water balance.[14] Digestive fluids dissolve the prey's internal tissues.

Types particular to species

spider hair

When they tested the amount of weight the glove could support, they determined it could hold an object as heavy as an adult human. The authors note that similar fiber designs, like many designs nature has given animals to navigate their environments, could be used in human structures that need strong attachment to surfaces. So you see, spiders need hairs for quite a lot of things in their life – and that is why they have hairy legs. Believe it or not, I have studied the hairy legs of spiders for years and can give you some definitive answers on this. The researchers then tested the stickiness of the hairs on different materials, including glass.

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Types of morphology and arrangement

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Many animals, including spiders, have adaptations that allow them to stick to and climb up surfaces. In some animals, liquid is released from the foot and creates a force holding them to the surface. However, spiders use “dry adhesion” and don’t produce such a liquid, so researchers from the University of Kiel in Germany wondered how they stayed up.

One of them is a neurotoxin, which subdues or kills the captured prey, and another is a cytotoxin, which liquifies the tissues of its body. Lace-front wigs are your go-to for a natural appearance. They create an incredibly realistic hairline, ensuring authenticity in your look. For thin hair, our tape-in or nano-link extensions are ideal. They're light and subtle, perfectly adding volume without being too heavy.

The tip of the tarsus bears claws, which vary in number and size. Spiders that spin webs typically have three claws, the middle one being small; hunting spiders typically have only two claws. Since they do not have antennae, spiders use specialised and sensitive setae on their legs to pick up scent, sounds, vibrations and air currents.[5] Some spiders, such as the Australian crab spider, do not have claws. This current work studied only a small number of the thousands of hairs on each foot, and it's beyond the scope of existing resources to consider studying them all.

Another, more recent analysis, asked how well adapted tactile hairs ventrally at the tibia-metatarsus joint might be to a proprioreceptive function, monitoring the movement of the joint (Schaber and Barth 2014). Internally placed joint receptors and external sensory hairs (usually short hairs adjacent to joint membranes or longer hairs that span joints) keep the spider informed of its limb positions (proprioception) during movement. This ensures that the spider moves in a coordinated way. Reaction and the degree of irritation to a defensive urticating hair barrage can vary tremendously, based on the species in question.

Some, such as those of the Chilean rose tarantula (Grammastola rosea) and the pinktoe tarantula (Avicularia avicularia), are fairly mild and innocuous to humans. Others, such as those of the Brazilian giant white knee tarantula (Acanthoscurria geniculata), are moderately irritating. Still others, such as the Goliath birdeater (Theraphosa blondi), are far more severe. These bristles can result in painful rashes, and have been likened to sharp shards of fiberglass.

But spiders can do much more cool things with their hair then we can with ours (except, maybe that we are superior in styling our hair in a cool fashion). Tactile spider hairs represent both proprioreceptors and exteroreceptors, the difference being that the first ones are stimulated by self-generated stimuli whereas the latter respond to stimuli from an outside source. Proprioreceptive stimulation amply occurs during locomotion when hairs located at joints are deflected by joint movement or when a joint membrane rolls over a field of coxal hair plate sensilla. The long smooth hairs are stimulated when two neighboring coxae are approaching each other, most likely measuring the distance between them (Eckweiler et al. 1989; Seyfarth et al. 1990; Schaber and Barth 2014).

Having more points of contact pushing against a surface improves adhesion, so spiders likely found it advantageous to have a lot of these fibers. Additionally, the fibers pointed in many different directions, which may allow the spiders to have good contact with a surface even if they change the direction of movement. Well, no (that would actually look funny!) That’s because spiders use hairs on their legs to listen!

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